Louis Riel Essay (Canadian History) Essay Example for Free

Louis Riel Essay (Canadian History) Essay In my opinion Louis Riel was a hero because he fought for the rights of everyone who lived in the northwest, he was rebelling against a government, not a country and he was against acts of violence and loss of life. Furthermore Louiss acts might be considered crazy by todays standards but in the 1890s it was not uncommon or insane. Louis lived in the Red River settlement and wanted to protect their rights but he also fought for the rights of the white settlers in the area and for the natives. Louis was a patriot, he was proud to be Canadian, he just didnt agree with the government at the time. Louis Riel was a freedom fighter, not a rebel against his country. He was rebelling against the men in government who suppressed his people. The entire process which saw the spread of the Canadian Governments imperialistic authority over the west, ignored the people who were there long before England decided to give it to a new country. Riel was a freedom fighter for the west and should be recognized as such. He faced and fought a central Canadian government, ignorant of the west, long before Preston Manning was born. (Richard Brown, Alberta, July 7th, 1999 http://www.metisresourcecentre.mb.ca/quotes/). If Louis hadnt stood up for the Meti people, the government would have let them starve and their culture would be lost. Likewise if any minority was treated like that now, they could only be so fortunate to have someone like Louis Riel to stand up for them. Louis was against violence unless it was absolutely necessary. He only wanted to ensure that the people of the Northwest would retain their rights and traditions after the Canadian government took control of the area. When he and his Mati people used violence it was because they had no other options. John A MacDonald breaks the law of the time by inducing rebellion. (Sir Wilfred Laurier http://www.metisresourcecentre.mb.ca/quotes/). Two examples of Riel using non-violent solutions first are when he sent Meti to confront the land surveyors instead of sending them to kill the surveyors. And when he seized fort Garry and its munitions, instead of burning it down or shooting the people inside. His method of not being vicious helped him be victorious in many situations. You can be sure that we would have beaten  them had it not been for Louis Riel who always counseled us not to spill their blood Gabriel Dumont. Today, if someone came up to you and said they were chosen by god to lead their people to freedom would you believe them or laugh and call them insane? Chances are most modern people would do the laughing. But in the 1880s things were different, people were more religious and it was less than impossible to voice your opinions to the government. Riel lived in a time when the country was still being shaped, new provinces were being formed, and he was not out of line to demand that his people be included. Today we have a responsible government, for example when native people in BC felt cheated out of their ancestors land, our government gave some of the land back and took steps to see that that doesnt happen again. Ironically this is the same land the post-confederation government took away! When you look at all the facts and consider the time period, Riel doesnt seem like such a bad guy. He did what any patriotic, freedom loving Canadian would have done in his shoes. Sure some of his beliefs and ideas may have been a little deranged, but when you compare it to all the exemplary things he accomplished, it dosent seam like a big deal. I am more convinced everyday that without a single exception I did right and I have always believed that, as I have acted honestly, the time will come when the people of Canada will see and acknowledge it. (Louis Riel http://www.metisresourcecentre.mb.ca/quotes/) Maybe it wouldnt be so bad if some of our modern politicians were a little more like Louis Riel.

Mandibular Prognathism by BSSO Study

Mandibular Prognathism by BSSO Study METHODOLOGY METHODOLOGY Population Consisted of all the patients who reported to the Out Patient Department of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery for correction of facial deformity involving maxilla and mandible. Sample Consisted of 33 patients who underwent BSSO setback for mandibular prognathism followed by Rigid Internal Fixation at the Department Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery, Mar Baselios Dental College. Inclusion Criteria Patients above age of 20 years for males 18 years for females. Patients who were treated by BSSO setback along with Rigid Internal Fixation for mandibular prognathism. Exclusion Criteria Patients undergoing Bimaxillary surgeries. Patients undergoing Genioplasty along with BSSO. Patients with Medically compromised conditions. Patients with Craniofacial anomalies, Syndromes. A retrospective study was conducted on 33 patients (15 females and 18 males), with mean age of 22 years (age range of 19 28 years), who were operated for mandibular prognathism by BSSO at the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kothamangalam. The patients were selected according to above mentioned inclution and exclusion criterias. The surgical procedure was done by one chief operating surgeon. No maxillomandibular fixation was used postoperatively. Pre and postsurgical orthodontics was carried out at the department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics, Mar Baselios Dental College, kothamangalam. A standardised lateral skull radiograph with adequate quality and exposure was taken pre operatively and after 6 months of follow up in natural head position [Frankfurt’s horizontal plane parallel to the floor, the tongue in relaxed position and the mandible in centric occlusion] with exposure values of 80 KVp, 10 mA, and 1.30 seconds. Tracings of the lateral cephalograms were pencil traced on acetate paper. To improve the consistency the tracings and measurements were taken by the same investigator. Horizontal reference line was taken as 7 ° to SN at nasion. Vertical reference line was constructed perpendicular to horizontal reference line through Sella. Superimposition of traced preoperative and postoperative lateral cephalogram was done with respect to the horizontal and vertical reference lines. The following cephalometric points and measurements were used. S Sella: Center of sella turcica N Nasion: Most anterior point of frontonasal suture ANS Anterior Nasal Spine: Anterior tip of the nasal spine PNS Posterior Nasal Spine: The most posterior aspect of the palatal bone A Point A: Innermost point on contour of maxilla between anterior nasal spine and incisor tooth Is Incision Superior: Midpoint of incisal edge of most prominent maxillary central incisor Ii Incision Inferior: Midpoint of incisal edge of most prominent mandibular central incisor B Point B: Innermost point on contour of mandible between incisor tooth and bony chin PG Pogonion: Most anterior point on osseous contour of chin ME Menton: Most inferior midline point on mandibular symphysis Cm Columella point: Midpoint of columella of nose Sn Subnasale: Point at which columella merges with upper lip in midsagittal plane SLS Superior Labial Sulcus: Point of greatest concavity in middle of upper lip between subnasale and labrale superius Ls Labrale Superius: Most anterior point of upper lip Li Labrale Inferius: Most anterior point of lower lip SLI Inferior Labial Sulcus: Point of greatest concavity in midline of lower lip between labrale inferius and soft tissue pogonion pg’ Soft Tissue Pogonion: Most prominent or anterior point on chin in midsagittal plane me’ Soft Tissue Menton: Lowest point on contour of soft tissue chin Stoms Stomion Superius: Most inferior point of upper lip Stomi Stomion Inferius: Most superior point of lower lip Sn-Stoms Upper lip length Stomi-me Lower lip length G-Sn-PG’ Facial Convexity: Angle between soft tissue glabella, subnasale and soft tissue pogonion Cm-Sn-Ls Nasolabial Angle: Angle between columella and labrale superius Li-SLI-pg’ Labiomental Fold: Angle between lower lip and chin contour Research methodology In the horizontal plane linear changes at following hard tissue [ANS, A, Is, Ii, B, PG, ME] and soft tissue [Sn, SLS, Ls, Li, SLI, pg’, me’, Stoms, Stomi] cephalometric points were measured in millimeters with mean and standard deviations were calculated. In the vertical plane linear changes at following hard tissue [ANS, A, Is, Ii, B, PG, ME] and soft tissue [Sn, SLS, Ls, Li, SLI, pg’, me’, Stoms, Stomi] cephalometric points were measured in millimeters with mean and standard deviations were calculated. Scatter plot diagram with Correlation Regression Analysis was done for the following points Li vs Ii, SLI vs B, PG vs pg’, ME vs me’ were done in both horizontal and vertical plane. Change in length of lower third of face; upper lip [Sn-Stoms] length and lower lip [Stomi-me] length were calculated along with mean and standard deviation. The mean change in facial profile, Nasolabial angle and mentolabial fold were calculated. The ratio of change in the soft tissue reference points will be compared with movements of corresponding 4 hard tissue references: Li to Ii, SLI to B, PG to pg’ and ME to me’ in the horizontal plane. SURGICAL PROCEDURE All the patients had undergone BSSO for correction of horizontal mandibular excess [mandibular prognathism]. All surgeries were carried out by the same surgeon. During the positioning of the patient before surgery the head end of the table is tilted by about 15 °. Hypotensive anaesthesia technique was used. Both these are intended to reduce intra operative bleeding. At the beginning of the procedure 2% lignocaine hydrochloride with 1: 2,00,000 epinephrine is infiltrated into the buccal vestibule upto the midramus region of the mandible on both sides. Incision and dissection The incision is placed over the anterior aspect of the ramus extending from the midramus region running down over the external oblique ridge upto the first molar region where it curves down to the buccal vestibule. Retracting the soft tissues buccally, before placing the incision prevents the initial exposure of the buccal fat pad. A sharp dissection is done in the ramus upto the periosteum. Periosteal dissection is started on the lateral aspect of the mandibular body from anterior ramus upto the second molar region extending to the inferior border. On the lateral aspect of the ramus dissection may be minimal only to achieve proper access and visibility. Medial dissection is done subperiosteally with a Howarth’s periosteal elevator and should be above the level of lingula and mandibular foramen which usually coincides with the deepest concavity of the anterior border of ramus. Later a channel retractor is inserted for medial retraction so as to protect the mandibular neurovascular bundle. Osteotomy Osteotomy is done with surgical micromotor and burs. Its initiated on the cortical bone of the medial side of ramus above the lingula extending from behind the mandibular foramen [half to two-third of the anteroposterior dimension of the ramus] running down onto the superior aspect of the body of the mandible and then extended to the external oblique ridge over the lateral aspect of the mandibular body upto the 1st molar region. Extending the cut towards the 1st molar region gives better accessibility for intraoral plating. The depth of the cut should be minimal only to reach the cancellous bone. The vertical cut is extended to include the inferior border so that the direction of the split is controlled. During the vertical cut a channel retractor is placed on the lateral aspect so as to protect the buccal soft tissues and facial artery. Following the osteotomy, a small spatula osteotome is malleted into the site beginning from the medial cut, down the ramus, over the body upto the vertical cut. The spatula osteotome is directed laterally beneath the cortical plate so that the neurovascular bundle is protected. Later larger osteotomes are used and finally the fragments are prised apart using a Smith spreader. As the fragments are prised the neurovascular bundle is visualized and care is taken to maintain it to the medial tooth bearing fragment. If the neurovascular bundle is found to be attached to the proximal condylar segment a small periosteal elevator is used to free the bundle and bring it to the medial fragment. Once this is done osteotomes in a wedging fashion or the Smith spreader is used vigourously until the spilt of the fragments are completed. The osteotomy is repeated on the opposite side of the mandible. When the mandible is setback, release of the medial pterygoid and masseter muscle is stripped, if needed to prevent the displacement of the condylar segment posteriorly. Later the tooth bearing medial segment is pushed back as much as needed and the overlapping buccal plate of the proximal condylar segment is trimmed such that the proximal segment rest passively on the cancellous part of medial segment with condyle in proper position. Stabilization and fixation The position of jaw is adjusted and intermaxillary fixation is done with splint in position. Rigid internal fixation using 2mm four hole mini plate with gap and 2 Ãâ€" 6mm monocortical screws is the preferred way of fixation. The intermaxillary fixation is removed after the rigid fixation. Wound closure Wounds are irrigated and bleeding is controlled. Wounds are closed with 3-0 vicryl sutures in layers. 1

Introduction Why Use OPNET Modeler Computer Science Essay

Introduction Why Use OPNET Modeler Computer Science Essay OPNET Modeler is a very good tool for network designing and simulation. OPNET Modeler was selected because most of the wired and wireless network components are available in the OPNET 15.0 Modeler. In this version a number of different models can be created to simulate, analyze and compare their results. This chapter explains how the different wired and wireless network has been designed and simulated in OPNET Modeler. In this project different scenario for Ethernet, DSL, Wi-Fi, and WiMAX in two different projects has been created in OPNET Modeler 15.0 . There is also a comparison between the wired and wireless networks. The Ethernet network is compared with the Wi-Fi network and the DSL network is compared with the WiMAX network. Overview of OPNET Modeler OPNET stands for Optimized Network Engineering Tool. The OPNET Modeler is a very powerful tool for the network modeling and simulation. The purpose of the OPNET Modeler is to optimize cost, efficiency, performance, viability and scalability characteristics of the network. In addition OPNET Modeler has a huge library of nodes(fixed, mobile or satellite), links(simplex, duplex, wired or wireless), and subnets, which are used to design and simulate network configuration, protocols, traffic and end user applications. OPNET Modeler has three hierarchical levels or editors. These are Project Editor Project editor is also known as network editor. The project editor is the key staging area for modeling a network simulation. In the project editor a network can be created by using the nodes, link, and subnets from the standard library, then select statistics, run the simulation and view the results of the network. FIGURE: Node Editor To built models of nodes the node editor is used. Node editor specifies the internal structure of the network node. The node includes workstations, satellite terminals, switches, and remote sensors. The OPNET node has a modular structure. The packets and status information are exchanged between modules which are connected via packet streams or statistic wires. Every module performs specific function, such as generating packets, processing packets, transmitting and receiving packets or queuing packets. FIGURE Process Editor The process editor is used to design process models, which controls the basic functionality of node models generated in the node editor. The process models are represented by Finite State Machines (FSMs). The FSMs are generated with icons, which show states and lines which shows transitions between states. The process models are expressed in C or C++ language. Figure In this chapter four different scenarios are discussed. These are Scenario1: Ethernet Network Model In this scenario a new wired network for Ethernet is created in OPNET Modeler as shown in figure. This scenario is created for campus network. In this scenario seven workstations are connected to the switch. With the help of a router the switch is connected to the server. The switch is connected to the router which is connected to the server. Ethernet links are used to connect all these nodes with each other. The server provides different applications used for the workstations. For this network model we also need to define the applications and profiles by adding a node for the application and profile. The workstations are associated with the profiles in order to use different applications. H:snapshots 1ETHERNET.bmp Figure Ethernet Network Model The nodes used in this scenario is Node Name Description Applications Profiles Server Router Switch Workstation How to configure Nodes The configuration of each node is as follow Application Configuration The application configuration is the most important node in the network design. By default the application configuration has a maximum of sixteen services, which are supported by the OPNET Modeler. These are http, ftp, e-mail, print etc. In this scenario the default services are selected as shown in the figure To configure the application node right click on it, select Edit Attributes a dialogue box will open. Change the name field value to application. Expand the Application Definitions row, select the default option while left other setting at default as shown in the figure. H:SNAPSHOT22)ETHERNET APPLICATIN CONFIG.bmp Figure: Ethernet Application Configuration Profile Configuration The profile configuration allows us to define a user or a group of user to the application services supported by the network. For this scenario one profile is defined namely shahid. The profile node can be configured by expanding the profile configuration row. Define the profile namely shahid also define the applications and change the operation mode to simultaneous while left the other setting at default as shown in figure To configure the profile configuration right click on it, select Edit Attributes a dialogue box will appear. Change the name field value to profiles. Expand the profile configuration row, select edit. Then define the profile namely shahid also define the applications and change the operation mode to simultaneous while left the other setting at default as shown in figure. H:SNAPSHOT22)ETHERNET PROFILE CONFIG2.bmp Figure: Ethernet Profile Configuration Server Configuration The server can generate the applications traffic such as http, ftp, e-mail, print etc. This traffic can be sent to the workstations with the help of router and switch which are connected through Ethernet links. In the server configuration, three applications supported services were defined namely http, ftp, and e-mail while all other settings are left at default as shown in figure. H:SNAPSHOT22)ETHERNET SERVER.bmp Figure Ethernet Server Configuration Workstation Configuration The workstation can also generate the applications traffic, which can be sent to the server through the network to the server. The workstation can be configured by selecting the Application Supported Profiles namely shahid while left all the other parameters at default as shown in the figure. H:SNAPSHOT22)ETHERNET WKSTN CONFIG.bmp Figure: Ethernet Workstation Configuration Router and Switch The functions of both the router and switch are almost the same. Both are forwarding the traffic to the end nodes. The router and switch are connected to each other through Ethernet link. Scenario2: WLAN Network Model In scenario 2 a wireless network model for WLAN is created in OPNET Modeler as shown in figure. This scenario is also created for the campus network. This scenario is similar to scenario1 with slight changes. In scenario2 the switch of scenario 1 is replaced with the wireless access point (AP) and also the workstations are replaced with the wireless LAN workstations. The main function of the wireless access point is to transmit and receive the wireless signals. The access point is connected to the router which is then connected to the server through Ethernet link as shown in figure. C:Usersshahid aliDesktopUntitlrgregreeddfgdfg.png Figure: WLAN Network Model The nodes used in scenario2 is Node Name Description Applications Profiles Server Router Wireless Access Point Wireless LAN Workstations The configuration of all the nodes except the wireless access point (AP) and wireless workstations are the same which are discussed in scenario1. The configuration of the wireless access point (AP) and the wireless workstations are as follow. Wireless access point (AP) configuration The wireless access point (AP) transmits and receives the wireless signals. The wireless access point can be configured by expanding the wireless LAN parameters. The access point functionality should be enabled so that this node can transmit the wireless signals. The BSS Identifier value is set to 0. If there is another wireless access point (AP) in the network then its BSS Identifier value must be different. The other setting is left at default as shown in figure. H:SNAPSHOT22)WLAN AP CONFIG.bmp Figure: WLAN Wireless Access Point (AP) Configuration Workstation configuration The workstation configuration is the same as the workstation configuration in scenario1. But in this scenario the BSS identifier value for the workstations is also defined. The BSS Identifier value is set to 0. This value must be the same as the wireless access point BSS Identifier value. The access point functionality is disabled for the workstations. The remaining settings are left at default as shown in figure. H:SNAPSHOT22)WLAN WKSTN APLICATION AND WIRELASS CONFIG.bmp Figure: WLAN Workstations Configuration Scenario3: DSL Network Model In this scenario a wired network model is created for the DSL using the OPNET Modeler. In this scenario four workstations are connected to the switch through the Ethernet links. The switch is connected to DSL modem. The DSL modem is connected to the DSLAM via the DSL links. The type of DSL used for this scenario is Asymmetric DSL (ADSL). The ADSL has a high downstream data rate than the upstream data rate. The function of the DSLAM is to linked several users to the high speed backbone network. The DSL modem is used to send and receive signals. The DSL modem has internal signal splitter that carries voice signal on the low frequencies and carries data signal above that frequencies. With the help of IP cloud the DSLAM is connected to the server via the PPP link. The figure shows the DSL network model. C:Usersshahid aliDesktopSHANPSHOT33DSL.bmp Figure: DSL Network Model The nodes and links used in scenario3 are Node/Link Name Description Applications Profiles Server Router Switch Workstation IP Cloud DSLAM DSL modem PPP Link DSL Link Ethernet Link The configuration of each node and applications taken for this scenario is the same as discussed in scenario1 and scenario2. For scenario3 the profile name is different, here the profile name is SHAH. Scenario4: WiMAX Network Model In scenario4 a wireless network model for the WiMAX is created using OPNET Modeler. This scenario is the same to scenario3 but there is a slight changes. A new node is added for the WiMAX configuration. Without this node the WiMAX network will not work. In this scenario the DSL modem is replaced with the WiMAX basestation, the switch is replaced with the subscriber station and the workstations are replaced with the wireless workstations. The WiMAX basestation will transmits the wireless signal over a long distance. The subscriber station which is found at the costumer site receives this signal, which is then sent to the wireless workstations. The subscriber station and the WiMAX basestation communicate through air interface-. The WiMAX basestation is communicating to the server through the ip cloud and router via PPP link. The figure shows WiMAX network model. C:Usersshahid aliDesktopSHANPSHOT33WIMAX.bmp Figure: WiMAX Network Model The nodes and links used for scenario4 are Node/Link Name Description Applications Profiles Wimax config Server Router Ip cloud WiMAX basestation Subscriber station Workstation Link

Votes For Sale :: essays research papers

Votes For Sale According to the Associated Press, lobbyist donated 633 million dollars to government representatives in the first half of 1999. A lobbyist’s job is to pass money to representatives for a vote in their favor of a bill. Up to $5000 may be given to any one congressman by a lobbyist thru Political Action Committees (PACs). Farmers, laborers, gun control activists, abortion opponents, and teachers are just a few of the numerous groups who form these committees in the United States. These interest groups employ a lobbyist to offer a cash donation on their behalf. The legislative branch of the United States government was designed to represent citizens of this nation. Congressional members are supposed to be the representatives of people in their district or state. Laws are supposed to be passed in the public’s best interest. PACs attempt to influence the passing of laws through lobbyists. Lobbyists degrade democracy, encourage improper policymaking, and likely provoke politi cal corruption. The most obvious downfall to lobbying is that representatives would be encouraged to vote for money; causing a degradation of democracy. In other words, if a pro-life group paid a representative to vote against legalizing abortion the money would influence the representative’s vote. Whether or not a bill is passed becomes an issue of who is willing and able to pay more for it. Congressmen would look to vote for bills that would get them the most money from the PACs. Even though $5,000 is the maximum donation a lobbyists can give to one particular politician; lobbyists donate to several. This can give them the upper hand in a majority decision. Lobbyists believe they are representing the people and getting bills passed that the people want, thus promoting the citizen’s role in the government. The problem with this view is that the money is getting more representation than the people are. The group that has the most money and buys the most votes will get more bills passed in their favor, regardless if they are the majority or not. This takes away from the democratic process; not allowing all the people’s votes to count. A representative should vote for those who elected him not those who pay him the most. When a representative’s vote is influenced by money the fundamentals of democracy are defeated. Secondly, representatives benefit directly from lobbyist’s donations. Therefore, representatives will use improper policymaking to assure a lobbyist’s cause is ratified.

How do pre-1914 writers create a sense of suspense, mystery and fear? :: Free Essay Writer

How do pre-1914 writers create a sense of suspense, mystery and fear? Comparison of three short novels The Red Room is a very good ghost story that was written by H.G Wells. The story was intended to be scary when it was written and it uses tension, atmosphere and a scary plot. Without these key features it would not succeed as a successful ghost story. The reason for this is to entice the reader by giving them small clues so it does not give the plot away, but you have to read on because it does not give enough away only small clues, so it is still a mystery. The main thing that helps create the good atmosphere for a ghost story is that it is set in the old castle. It is occupied by the three old people. They’re described as custodians. The candles that are situated round the castle also helps create atmosphere because it shows that it is in the night and most ghost stories are set at night and it then in turn provides an eerie atmosphere. At the beginning of the story the old people help add to the atmosphere by saying the things that had apparently happened there in the Red Room in the past. These things include; 'This night of all nights,' this makes it sound like it could be a type of anniversary of when something or someone had died or an event happened and this night is the worst night to go to the Red Room. 'In which the young Duke had died.' This shows you that something apparently had happened at the castle, a person had died in the Red Room which adds more evidence to there being a ghost being in the room. This then starts to make 'The Red Room' a better ghost story. 'And are you really going?' This shows that the man cannot believe that he is going to The Red Room. Other things such as the journey also turn out to be a good way of building atmosphere in the story. The way to the room is deliberately a long journey because if it was just up the corridor then there would be no suspense about the room and what can happen on the way to the room. The darkness of the journey also helps to create a ghostly atmosphere because it makes the littlest things look like the scariest things as in the dark things are not portrayed as what they really are. 'The ornaments and conveniences of the room about them were ghostly.' The silence of the journey helps to create echoes which add also to

Obesity Outline

Outline I. Introduction a. â€Å"Fictional person’s name†, age, weight, location†¦ b. Job, hobbies, background intro information c. Family history/background info II. Obesity a. Definition- â€Å"a condition that is characterized by excessive accumulation and storage of fat in the body and that in an adult is typically indicated by a body mass index of 30 or greater (Merriam-Webster’s medical dictionary) http://www2. merriam-webster. com/cgi-bin/mwmedsamp b. BMI- Body mass Index(abbreviation) i.Definition- Merriam-Webster’s medical dictionary defines Body mass index as â€Å"a measure of body fat that is the ratio of the weight of the body in kilograms to the square of its height in meters (Merriam-Webster’s medical dictionary). http://www2. merriam-webster. com/cgi-bin/mwmedsamp c. Causes of obesity i. Taking in more calories than burning- â€Å"A lack of energy balance most often causes overweight and obesity. Energy balance means that you r energy IN equals your energy OUT† (National heart lung and blood institute). http://www. hlbi. nih. gov/health/dci/Diseases/obe/obe_causes. html ii. Lack of physical activity iii. Bad eating habits iv. Eating for comfort, binge eating III. Environmental factors a. Access or lack of access to sidewalks and pathways for walking in neighborhood. b. Busy work schedule c. Convenience of fast food d. Restaurant food size portions e. Access to stores that offer fruits and vegetables f. TV commercials that advertise fast food, snacks that are high in fat IV. Family/inherited genes a. Genes b. Adopting habits of parents i.Parents are overweight; child tends to adopt eating and physical activity habits. V. Health factors a. Hormone problems may cause obesity i. Hypothyroidism 1. Define: â€Å"Hypothyroidism is a condition characterized by abnormally low thyroid hormone production. There are many disorders that result in hypothyroidism. These disorders may directly or indirectly invol ve the thyroid gland. Because thyroid hormone affects growth, development, and many cellular processes, inadequate thyroid hormone has widespread consequences for the body (Medicine. et). http://www. medicinenet. com/hypothyroidism/article. htm 2. â€Å"Cushing's syndrome is a condition in which the body's adrenal glands make too much of the hormone cortisol. Cushing's syndrome also can develop if a person takes high doses of certain medicines, such as prednisone, for long periods IV. Other factors†¦ a. Age- muscle loss can slow the rate of calorie burning b. Medications c. Emotional eating d. Smoking- when people quiet food tastes and smells better VI.Health problems a. Coronary heart disease i. Definition b. High blood pressure c. Stroke d. Sleep apnea e. Gallstones VII. Solutions a. Exercise b. Healthy eating choices c. Portion control d. Support groups- A support group is formed by people who are dealing with common issues and â€Å"meet on an ongoing basis to cope with s tress, give each other suggestions, provide encouragement, convey information, and furnish emotional support(Barker, 2003) (Kirst-Ashman, K. , 2011, p 116). â€Å"

Evaluate Stevenson’s depiction of the murder of Sir Danvers Carew Essay

Robert Louis Stevenson wrote the novel â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde.† The novel is set in the society of Victorian London and was written in 1886. The story tells of a middle-class respectable man, who’s profession as a scientist one day leads him to experiment with a potion in his laboratory. He does this due to the fact that he is living in a society where he is seen to be highly respectable and where individuals have only one personality, i.e. being good. This potion goes wrong, resulting in a personality splitting into two opposite directions, one being evil and the other being good, causing horrific situations and terrible events like murders. The scene in which Carew is murdered is a very important scene as it is a turning point in the novel. It is the first major crime that Hyde has committed, and so it makes the reader wonder whether the mystery is finally going to be revealed as he has committed a serious crime and there is no way that he can escape. In this scene, Stevenson utilizes a range of different devices and techniques to add efficacy to the scene and the novel. The scene starts off with a strong first sentence. Stevenson uses the first sentence to grab the reader’s attention and to make them want to read on and know what is actually going to happen that is so momentous. The reader gets the idea of momentous because Stevenson uses the words â€Å"London was startled,† this emphasises that this â€Å"crime of singular ferocity,† effected the whole of London, not just one or two people. Another purpose of this first sentence is to prepare the reader for what they are going to read next. This is efficacious as using words like â€Å"rendered† and â€Å"high position of the victim,† makes the reader feel that we know that something really really horrendous and dreadful is about to happen, which makes the reader want to definitely read on. The reader is also made to notice another one of Stevenson’s techniques as he helps the reader to see things from the house-maid’s point of view and through her eyes. The reader is able to become aware that the maid is looking out of the window, the maid is feeling very warm and affectionate as she is looking at Carew. The reader gets this impression as her exact words are â€Å"aged and beautiful† and â€Å"polite,† and â€Å"gentlemen.† But suddenly then comes in a totally opposite appearanced man, which after a few seconds of thought she realises is Hyde, who she has a â€Å"dislike† for. Also the reader had seen him step on the little girl earlier. The maid’s emotions then change from being calm to being nervous as she goes on to describe the scene and the devastating murder. The reader can see the change as Stevenson has moved from using words like â€Å"romantically,† to words like â€Å"flame of anger† and â€Å"fury.† The reader can feel these emotions which shows the start and the end of the scene being totally opposite to each other as it started off calm then gradually changed to nervousness and then finally into a lot of shock and terror; ending in the maid fainting, making the reader share the maid’s emotions and taking into consideration the shock the maid has suffered. The description of the murder is very clear and vivid. The way Stevenson has described the homicide, the reader is able to imagine and picture the ghastly killing. Stevenson uses strong and solid language to describe the details of the crime, for example the words â€Å"clubbed† and â€Å"flame of anger,† are used to indicate the anger inside Hyde. The reader is also made to notice that the murder was very vicious and ferocious, the words in the scene that implies this are â€Å"brandishing,† â€Å"trampling† and â€Å"underfoot.† There is also another contrast in the way Stevenson describes the meeting and then the murder. When Carew and Hyde first meet, Carew was speaking in a â€Å"polite† way and Hyde â€Å"answered never a word,† which gives the reader the perception that things were quiet and not much communication was going on. But then there is a huge transformation, and the air is full of anger and aggression, this makes the scene effective as the two contrasts are very different, making the reader question why. The first sentence prepares the reader for what has just happened in a diminutive way as we know that something significant is going to happen, but at the same time the reader is also stunned as they did not think that the event would be this massive and horrifying and are a little shocked. Stevenson describes both Carew and Hyde in different ways, as Carew has calm words and Hyde has angry and aggressive words. For example Carew is described as â€Å"beautiful,† â€Å"aged,† â€Å"innocent,† â€Å"polite,† â€Å"gentleman,† and has â€Å"old world kindness,† whereas Hyde is described as â€Å"ape-like,† â€Å"mad,† â€Å"frenzied,† â€Å"rude,† â€Å"disliked,† and also has a â€Å"ill-contained patience.† The way these two characters are described is effective because the reader can clearly see the contrast in the two personalities and can also visualize the way they are described by someone else i.e. being the maid. This is also another very powerful technique by Stevenson because the reader can see that Hyde is a total monster, so the murder was unreasonable and unjust as Carew was totally irreproachable and there was no legitimate reason for killing him. This technique is really suc cessful as it adds mystery to Hyde and makes the reader presume that Hyde is a bit unstable as he murdered a totally innocent mind, making the reader want to read on until the strange mystery is finally revealed. In this scene, Stevenson also uses symbolism helps to augment the scene. Carew was an MP, so his job was to try to keep the law intact and also maintain the standards and the strict and scrupulous rules of Victorian Society, which highlights the fact that he symbolizes the actual Victorian Society. Hyde was in a very negative state of mind and was very angry because at that time Jekyll was refusing and telling himself not to take the potion, which obviously affected Hyde. Therefore Hyde was actually angry at the rules of society. In addition, Hyde could have chosen to kill anyone but he chose someone who represented society and maintained the rules of society. As a result of murdering Carew and â€Å"shattering his bones,† Hyde was actually destroying society. Also this brought about the idea of id, ego and superego, which were written by Freud late on in 1900. The reader gets the picture of Carew being the superego or the conscience. Jekyll was the ego, the one that was reasoning and holding back and finally leaving Hyde with id, being the instinct, the one who does not think of the consequences of its actions. All these are symbolizing the three layers of personality. So, by killing the superego, the id was making the superego, the conscience quiet and totally silent so that it would not have been influencing the ego and also the id. This is also a bit like the story of Jack the Ripper. This symbolism is vital in the importance of the scene, as it gives the reader a new perspective of the murder; this also makes it very effective and makes the reader want to read further on. At the time of the Victorian Society, there were many new theories and ideas. For example Charles Darwin came up with the theory of evolution, which influences Stevenson as he describes Hyde as â€Å"ape-like.† Also there was a lot of interest in science. Stevenson was influenced by many people, and has used some of these theories and ideas in his novel. There was also a lot of contradiction in Victorian Society. People like Conan Doyle and Charles Dickens wrote novels based on the two sides to Victorian Society, i.e. the rich and the veneer of respectability compared to the poor and the criminals. This novel was also based on the theory of the â€Å"Doppelganger.† This extract of the novel adds a major turning point, which shows the reader what Hyde is like and how the society did not accept him. Stevenson wrote this scene very well as he describes the murder successfully and it has different contrasts in it making the reader want to read it and leaving them totally stunned throughout the whole scene. The novel â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde,† was very successful as it has been around for many years and is still being enjoyed today and will be for many years yet to come.